Oil, Gas, Chemical and Petrochemical Industries and Their Role in Sustainable Development
Oil is considered one of the most important resources for providing the necessary financial returns to finance economic and social development plans.
Oil has played an important and major role in supporting development since its discovery until now, whether at the level of producing or importing countries. Oil is considered a strategic commodity and a basic material in industry and has an effective impact on various economic, social and environmental aspects. Oil contributes effectively to economic development through what petroleum revenues provide to finance consumer and service goods. It can be exploited to build an industrial base as it is one of the necessary production elements for any other industries, as well as providing many job opportunities in exporting and importing countries.
As a result of the high rates of oil exports, it has had a significant impact on human development in the field of industry, agriculture and services.
There is great importance in developing the hydrocarbon and petrochemical industries, the pharmaceutical and food industries, fertilizers, detergents, dyes, batteries, polymers, oils, resins and plastics. And the process of ridding the environment of pollutants and treating water.
Because of the challenges facing the world now and in the future, represented by energy problems, environmental problems, health care, providing job opportunities and environmental problems, the importance of paying attention to the chemical and petrochemical industry and its role in creating new ideas in developing this industry and improving services, which provides job opportunities, preserving the environment and supporting the economy.
Many countries have begun to develop their chemical and petrochemical industries by establishing or planning to establish new and advanced projects. The chemical and petrochemical industries are considered among the most advanced industries due to their reliance on natural resources represented by oil, gas and minerals. The chemical fertilizer industry is considered one of the important inputs for agricultural production, especially with regard to improving the soil and feeding plants (urea, ammonia, compound and liquid fertilizers).
To highlight the distinguished role of the chemical and petrochemical industry and its occupant in the global economy, we mention that the volume of its products exceeds 70 thousand products and its sales volume reaches more than 2.2 trillion dollars. This industry also includes more than 10 million engineers and experts in addition to 50 million people concerned with this sector. As for the number of factories producing for global markets, it exceeds 400 large factories. It is worth noting that the situation is not without a number of challenges, including the increase in the population, which will become more than 10 billion people by the year 2100. This increase casts its shadow on the economy, energy, production quantity, as well as the climate and what it causes of
thermal emissions and carbon dioxide gas, as it is known that it is currently suffering from the emission of 30 billion tons of this gas, which affects the occurrence of major problems such as the phenomenon of global warming. Thermal emissions will reach 65 million tons in 2050, as well as the uses of chlorocarbons, pesticides and fertilizers. It is worth noting the promising future of the solutions that chemical and petrochemical engineering will reach, taking into account the importance of the balance between the economic and the environmental by searching for new sources of raw materials such as relying on agricultural products and renewable energy, recycling industrial waste and developing production units by introducing modern technology, databases and modern software for mathematical modeling and nanotechnology, which will constitute an alternative to the current chemical and petrochemical industry. The trend of this industry towards biology is one of the most important features of the next stage, including the development of biodiesel production, as well as the adoption of renewable energy and increasing its efficiency such as solar energy, wind energy and nuclear energy and abandoning old technology.
The agricultural sector also contributes to obtaining what is more efficient for industry, including thermodynamics. Modern developments are inevitably heading towards a new era represented by nanotechnology, information technology, biotechnology, biological auxiliary factors and recycling, which constitute the axis of this change in chemical and petrochemical engineering.
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